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Subprograms in Package declarations | ||
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Subprograms in Package Declarations
Another kind of declaration that may be included in a package declaration is a sub- program declarationeither a procedure or a function declaration. An important as- pect of declaring a subprogram in a package declaration is that we only write the header of the subprogram, that is, the part that includes the name and the interface list defining the parameters (and result type for functions). We leave out the body of the subprogram. For example, suppose we have a package declaration that defines a bit-vector subtype:
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Contact : webmaster@freehost7com subtype word32 is bit_vector(31 downto 0);
We can include in the package a procedure to do addition on word32 values that rep- resent signed integers. The procedure declaration in the package declaration is
procedure add ( a, b : in word32; result : out word32; overflow : out boolean );
Note that we do not include the keyword is or any of the local declarations or statements needed to perform the addition; these are deferred to the package body. Each package declaration that includes subprogram declarations must have a corre- sponding package body to fill in the missing details. However, if a package declara- tion only includes other kinds of declarations, such as types, signals or fully specified constants, no package body is necessary. The syntax rule for a package body is sim- ilar to that for the interface, but with the inclusion of the keyword body:
package_body ⇐ package body identifier is { package_body_declarative_item } end [ package body ] [ identifier ] ;
The items declared in a package body must include the full declarations of all sub- programs defined in the corresponding package declaration. These full declarations must include the subprogram headers exactly as they are written in the package dec- laration. A package body may also include declarations of additional types, subtypes, constants and subprograms. These items are used to implement the subprograms de- fined in the package declaration. Note that the items declared in the package decla- ration cannot be declared again in the body (apart from subprograms and deferred constants, as described above), since they are automatically visible in the body.
Figure 6-2 shows outlines of a package declaration and a package body declaring arithmetic functions for bit-vector values. The functions treat bit vectors as representing signed integers in binary form. Only the function headers are in- cluded in the package declaration. The package body contains the full function bodies. It also includes a function, mult_unsigned, not defined in the package dec- laration. It is used internally in the package body to implement the signed mul- tiplication operator.
package bit_vector_signed_arithmetic is function add ( bv1, bv2 : bit_vector ) return bit_vector; function sub ( bv : bit_vector ) return bit_vector; function mult ( bv1, bv2 : bit_vector ) return bit_vector;
end package bit_vector_signed_arithmetic; package body bit_vector_signed_arithmetic is function add ( bv1, bv2 : bit_vector ) return bit_vector is function sub ( bv : bit_vector ) return bit_vector is function mult_unsigned ( bv1, bv2 : bit_vector ) return bit_vector is
begin
end function mult_unsigned; function mult ( bv1, bv2 : bit_vector ) return bit_vector is begin if bv1(bv1'left) = '0' and bv2(bv2'left) = '0' then return mult_unsigned(bv1, bv2); elsif bv1(bv1'left) = '0' and bv2(bv2'left) = '1' then return mult_unsigned(bv1, bv2); elsif bv1(bv1'left) = '1' and bv2(bv2'left) = '0' then return mult_unsigned(bv1, bv2);
else
return mult_unsigned(bv1, bv2);
end if; end function mult;
An outline of a package declaration and body that define signed arithmetic functions on integers rep-
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