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A typedef statement introduces a shorthand name for a type. The syntax is...

typedef <type> <name>;

The following defines Fraction type to be the type (struct fraction). C is case sensitive, so fraction is different from Fraction. It's convenient to use typedef to create types with upper case names and use the lower-case version of the same word as a variable.

typedef struct fraction Fraction;

Fraction fraction;   // Declare the variable "fraction" of type "Fraction"

//  which is really just a synonym for "struct fraction".

The following typedef defines the name Tree as a standard pointer to a binary tree node where each node contains some data and "smaller" and "larger" subtree pointers.

typedef struct treenode* Tree;

struct treenode {

int data;

Tree smaller, larger;   // equivalently, this line could say

};                         // "struct treenode *smaller, *larger"

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